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INCLUDING & EXCLUDING IN KOREAN
Knowing how to express inclusion and exclusion in Korean can come in handy when trying to build more complex sentences.
Learn how to use multiple verbs such as 포함하다 and 제외하다 in this free grammar lesson.
TO INCLUDE WITH 포함하다
The infinitive of the verb ‘to include’ in Korean is 포함하다. But the verb is rarely used in an infinitive form, and usually used in a declarative form 포함한다.
PATTERN #1 // A includes B
A + 은/는 + B + 을/를 + 포함한다
| 선물은 몇 권의 책을 포함한다. | The gift includes a few books. |
| 초등학교 과정은 6개의 학년을 포함한다. | The elementary school includes 6 different levels of academic year. |
View More Examples:
| 점심 메뉴는 메인 요리와 디저트를 포함한다. | The lunch menu includes a main dish and a dessert. |
| 현악기는 바이올린, 첼로등을 포함한다. | String instrument includes violin, cello, etc. |
| 한국의 기후는 사계절을포함한다. | The climate in Korea includes four seasons. |
Similarly, the infinitive of the verb ‘to not include’ in Korean is 포함하지 않다, but it is usually used in a declarative form 포함하지 않는다.
PATTERN #2 // A does not include B
A + 은/는 + B + 을/를 + 포함하지 않는다
| 선물은 책을 포함하지 않는다. | The gift does not include books. |
| 초등학교 과정은 6개의 학년을 포함하지 않는다. | The elementary school does not include 6 different levels of academic year. |
View More Examples:
| 점심 메뉴는 메인 요리와 디저트를 포함하지 않는다. | The lunch menu does not include a main dish and a dessert. |
| 프로그램은 현악기 레슨을 포함하지 않는다 | The program does not include a lesson for string instrument. |
| 지불한 금액은 연체료를 포함하지 않는다. | The payment does not include late charges. |
TO BE INCLUDED WITH 포함되다
The infinitive of the verb ‘to be included’ in Korean is 포함되다. But the verb is rarely used in an infinitive form, and usually used in a declarative form 포함된다.
PATTERN #1 // A is included in B
A + 이/가 + B + 에 포함된다
| 몇 권의 책이 선물에 포함된다. | A few books are included in the gift. |
| 6개의 학년이 초등학교 과정에 포함된다 | 6 different levels of academic year are included in the elementary school |
View More Examples:
| 메인 요리와 디저트가 점심 메뉴에 포함된다. | A main dish and a dessert are included in the lunch menu. |
| 바이올린과 첼로가 현악기에 포함된다. | Violin and cello are included in string instrument. |
| 사계절이 한국의 기후에 포함된다. | Four seasons are included in the climate in Korea. |
Similarly, the infinitive of the verb ‘is not included’ in Korean is 포함되지 않다, and is usually used in a declarative form: 포함되지 않는다.
PATTERN #2 // A is not included in B
A + 은/는 + B + 에 포함되지 않는다
| 책은 선물에 포함되지않는다. | Books are not included in the gift. |
| 6개의 학년은 초등학교 과정에 포함되지 않는다. | 6 different levels of academic years are not included in the elementary school. |
View More Examples:
| 디저트는 점심 메뉴에포함되지 않는다. | A dessert is not included in the lunch menu. |
| 현악기 레슨은 프로그램에 포함되지 않는다. | String instrument lesson is not included in the program. |
| 연체료는 지불한 금액에 포함되지 않는다. | Late charges are not included in the payment. |
TO EXCLUDE WITH 제외하다
The infinitive of the verb ‘to exclude’ in Korean is 제외하다. But the verb is rarely used in an infinitive form, and is usually used in a declarative form 제외한다.
PATTERN // A excludes B
A + 은/는 + B + 을/를 + 제외한다
| 이 패스는 특별 전시 입장을 제외한다 | The pass excludes admission to special exhibition. |
| 여행 패키지는 호텔 경비를 제외한다. | The travel package excludes hotel cost. |
View More Examples:
| 점심 메뉴는 디저트를 제외한다. | The lunch menu excludes dessert. |
| 이 리스트는 학용품을 제외한다. | This list excludes the school supplies. |
| 이 책은 러브스토리를제외한다. | The book excludes a love story. |
TO BE EXCLUDED WITH 제외되다
The infinitive of verb ‘to be excluded’ in Korean is 제외되다 But the verb is rarely used in an infinitive form, and usually used in a declarative form 제외된다.
PATTERN // A is excluded from B
A + 은/는 + B + 에서 제외된다
| 특별 전시 입장은 이 패스에서 제외된다. | Admission to special exhibition is excluded from the pass. |
| 호텔 경비는 여행 패키지에서 제외된다. | Hotel cost is excluded from the travel package. |
View More Examples:
| 디저트는 점심 메뉴에서 제외된다. | Dessert is excluded from the lunch menu. |
| 학용품은 이 리스트에서제외된다. | School supplies are excluded from this list. |
| 러브스토리는 이 책에서 제외된다. | A love story is excluded from the book. |
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FAQs
How to express inclusion in Korean?
The infinitive of the verb ‘to include’ in Korean is 포함하다. But the verb is rarely used in an infinitive form, and usually used in a declarative form 포함한다.
PATTERN #1 // A includes B
A + 은/는 + B + 을/를 + 포함한다
선물은 몇 권의 책을 포함한다.
The gift includes a few books.
초등학교 과정은 6개의 학년을 포함한다.
The elementary school includes 6 different levels of academic year.
Similarly, the infinitive of the verb ‘to not include’ in Korean is 포함하지 않다, but it is usually used in a declarative form 포함하지 않는다.
PATTERN #2 // A does not include B
A + 은/는 + B + 을/를 + 포함하지 않는다
선물은 책을 포함하지 않는다.
The gift does not include books.
초등학교 과정은 6개의 학년을 포함하지 않는다.
The elementary school does not include 6 different levels of academic year.
How to express exclusion in Korean?
The infinitive of the verb ‘to exclude’ in Korean is 제외하다. But the verb is rarely used in an infinitive form, and is usually used in a declarative form 제외한다.
PATTERN // A excludes B
A + 은/는 + B + 을/를 + 제외한다
이 패스는 특별 전시 입장을 제외한다
The pass excludes admission to special exhibition.
여행 패키지는 호텔 경비를 제외한다.
The travel package excludes hotel cost.
Is Korean SOV or SVO?
Korean is a SOV language, meaning the basic language structure is:
Subject + Object + Verb
Japanese, Mongolian and Turkish are also SOV languages for example.
English is a SVO language: subject + verb + object
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Learn more about sentences in Korean here.
Which is easier, Japanese or Korean?
According to studies, Japanese is reportedly the most difficult language for native English speakers to learn.
Korean and Japanese are at the top of the “most difficult” level – with Japanese having just a small edge on Korean for it’s use of 2 alphabetic structures and use of kanji – Chinese characters (in total 3 alphabets essentially) instead of just one alphabet like in Korean.
Where can I find more lessons like this?
You can visit our Korean Grammar Bank for more lessons on levels A1, A2 and B1.
Where to sign up for Korean classes?
We teach Korean online on our Flexi Classes platform.
In fact, you can take a 7 Day Free Trial.
We also offer Korean Courses in Seoul, in both group and individual classes.
Contact us for more details and start your language learning journey.