Can I use -(으)ㄴ/는 김에 for both past and present actions?

Yes. Use -(으)ㄴ 김에 for past actions and -는 김에 for present actions or ongoing situations.

Is -(으)ㄴ/는 김에 used for planned or spontaneous actions?

It's often used for spontaneous or opportunistic actions —something extra done because the first action was already happening.

It works best with action verbs . It's not typically used with adjectives or descriptive verbs.

-(으)면서 means doing two actions simultaneously , while -(으)ㄴ/는 김에 implies one action leads to another because the opportunity arises.

The structure itself is neutral. You can make it polite or formal by adjusting the verb ending in the second clause (e.g., -요 / -습니다).

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Grammar Point	Pattern	Example
Expressing "while you're at it" in Korean	Clause A + -(으)ㄴ/는 김에 + Clause B	커피 사는 김에 너 것도 샀어.
Expressing "almost happened" in Korean	Verb stem + -(으)ㄹ 뻔했다	계단에서 넘어질 뻔했어요.
Expressing futility with -(으)나 마나	[Verb/Adjective stem] + 으나 마나	노력하나 마나 결과는 똑같을 거예요.
Expressing readiness in Korean	Verb + -으려고 하다	계약하려고해요.
Change & gradual change in Korean	Verb + -아지다	날씨가 추워졌어요
How to use (으)면서 in Korean	Verb + -(으)면서	음악을 들으면서 공부해요
Understanding possibility in Korean	Verb stem + -ㄹ/을 수 있다	저는 피아노를 칠 수 있어요.
Emphasizing actions in Korean	Verb stem + 는 바람에 + negative result	비가 오는 바람에 운동회를 취소했어요.
Expressing "tend to be" in Korean	Adjective stem / Verb + -는/은 편이다	그 가게는 비싼 편이에요.
Expressing certainty and doubt in Korean	S + V + -에 틀림없다	그가 범인인 게 틀림없어요.
Conditional sentences in Korean	Verb/Adjective Stem + (으)면	기차가 늦으면 연락해 주세요.
Assumptions & Predictions in Korean	Verb / Adjective Stem + -겠	수업이 곧 끝나겠지?